Outer space is an extremely hostile place. If you were to step outside a spacecraft, such as the International Space Station, or on a world with little or no atmosphere such as the moon or Mars without the protection of a space suit, then the following things would happen:
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- You would lose consciousness because there is no oxygen. This could occur in as little as 15 seconds.
- Because there is no air pressure to keep your blood and body fluids in a liquid state, the fluids would 'boil.' Because the 'boiling process' would cause them to lose heat energy rapidly, the fluids would freeze before they were evaporated totally (There is a cool display in San Francisco's science museum, The Exploratorium, that demonstrates this principle!). This process could take from 30 seconds to 1 minute. So, it was possible for astronaut David Bowman in '2001: A Space Odyssey' to survive when he ejected from the space pod into the airlock without a space helmet and repressurized the airlock within 30 seconds.
- Your tissues (skin, heart, other internal organs) would expand because of the boiling fluids. However, they would not 'explode' as depicted in some science fiction movies, such as 'Total Recall.'
- You would face extreme changes in temperature: sunlight - 248 degrees Fahrenheit or 120 degrees Celsius;shade - minus 148 degrees Fahrenheit or minus 100 degrees Celsius
- You would be exposed to various types of radiation (cosmic rays) or charged particles emitted from the sun (solar wind).
- You could be hit by small particles of dust or rock that move at high speeds (micrometeoroids) or orbiting debris from satellites or spacecraft.
You would die quickly because of the first three things listed, probably in less than one minute. The movie 'Mission to Mars' has a scene that realistically demonstrates what would happen if an astronaut's space suit were to rapidly lose pressure and be exposed to outer space. So to protect astronauts, NASA has developed elaborate space suits.
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When the space shuttle Columbia broke up after re-entering Earth's atmosphere in 2003, there were nematodes on board: they survived both the disintegration and the fall back to Earth. British Astronaut, Tim Peake, and scientist, Fran Scott, explore the effect of space on the body in an interactive guide for school students. A shove out of the air lock by a mutinous lieutenant or a vicious rip in a space suit, and your average movie victim is guaranteed to die quickly and quietly, though with fewer exploding body parts. The live virus can survive anywhere between a couple of hours to a couple of days. Advertising Policy. Here's how long the virus typically lasts on common surfaces, but it can change depending.
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When the space shuttle Columbia broke up after re-entering Earth's atmosphere in 2003, there were nematodes on board: they survived both the disintegration and the fall back to Earth. British Astronaut, Tim Peake, and scientist, Fran Scott, explore the effect of space on the body in an interactive guide for school students. A shove out of the air lock by a mutinous lieutenant or a vicious rip in a space suit, and your average movie victim is guaranteed to die quickly and quietly, though with fewer exploding body parts. The live virus can survive anywhere between a couple of hours to a couple of days. Advertising Policy. Here's how long the virus typically lasts on common surfaces, but it can change depending.
Can Bacteria Survive In Space
During a spacewalk intended to clean the International Space Station, Russian astronauts took samples from the exterior of the station for a routine analysis. The results of the experiment were quite surprising. Astronauts expected to find nothing more than contaminants created by the engines of incoming and outgoing spacecraft, but instead found that living organisms were clinging to outside of the ISS. The astronauts identified the organisms as sea plankton that likely originated from Earth, but the team couldn't find a concrete explanation as to how these organisms made it all the way up to the space station — or how they managed to survive.
A colorized scanning electron micrograph of a tardigrade. Yes, they look amazing.
Can Fish Survive In Space
Though NASA has so far been unable to confirm whether or not the Russians truly did discover sea plankton clinging to the exterior of the station, there is some precedent for certain creatures being able to survive the vacuum of space. Tardigrades, water-dwelling microscopic invertebrates, are known to be able to survive a host of harsh environments. They can survive extreme temperatures (slightly above absolute zero to far above boiling), amounts of radiation hundreds of times higher than the lethal dose for a human, pressure around six times more than found in the deepest parts of the ocean, and the vacuum of space. The organisms found on the ISS aren't tardigrades, but the little invertebrates show that some living organisms from Earth can indeed survive the harshness of space.
How Long Survive In Space
The bigger mystery is not that the plankton survived, but how they made it all the way up there, 205 miles above Earth. The scientists have already dismissed the possibility that the plankton were simply carried there on a spacecraft from Earth, as the plankton aren't from the region where any ISS module or craft would've taken off. The working theory is that atmospheric currents could be scooping up the organisms then carrying them all the way to the space station, though that would mean the currents could travel an astonishing 205 miles (330 km) above the planet.
The International Space Station
Can Humans Survive In Space
Living organisms have been found far above Earth before, such as microbes and bacterial life discovered 10 and 24.8 miles, respectively, into the atmosphere — though those numbers are a far cry from 205 miles.
Survive In Space Cracked
For now, we'll have to wait to see if the Russian team confirms the findings with NASA. Then, maybe the two factions can work together in order to figure out how plankton made it all the way up into space, and perhaps even discover exactly why the plankton can survive. The organisms aren't alien life, but they did pose another fascinating mystery.